GMA reported this morning that studies show limiting the locations of fast food restaurants have no effect on obesity. First come the regulations, then comes the study. As usual the laws are the results of government think tanks filled with half-baked moronic control freak "experts". California, the land of fruits and nuts, was involved in this experiment for curbing free choice through moronic legislation that doesn't work. Should you expect anything less? So who are the geniuses behind the bans? The usual suspects.
The Decision-Makers: [Community Development Professionals] [Local Government] [State Government] Community Development Professionals Local Government State Government. <-- The usual control freak whack jobs that complicate our lives through the legislation of their unfounded whims.
http://whatworksforhealth.wisc.edu/prog ... 114&id=533
Zoning regulations forbid the construction of fast food establishments by location to curb obesity
Zoning regulations: fast food
Health Factors: [Diet & Exercise] Diet & Exercise
Decision Makers: [Community Development Professionals] [Local Government] [State Government] Community Development Professionals Local Government State Government
Evidence Rating: Expert Opinion
Population Reach: [50-99% of WI's population] 50-99% of WI's population
Impact on Disparities: No impact on disparities likely
Is this program or policy in use in your community? Tell us about it.
Zoning regulations can be used to limit or ban fast food outlets in certain areas of a city, restrict the number of fast food outlets in a city overall, restrict the density of fast food outlets in a given area, or regulate the distance between fast food outlets and other sites such as schools or hospitals. Frequent consumption of food from fast food chain restaurants may contribute to cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity (Jaworowska 2013).
Expected Beneficial Outcomes
Improved food environment
Improved dietary choices
Evidence of Effectiveness
Zoning regulations that limit fast food outlets are a suggested strategy to improve the food environment and encourage healthy eating (CDC-Healthy places zoning, Mair 2005). Available evidence suggests that proximity to schools is associated with increased fast food purchases and obesity rates among adolescents (Alviola 2014, Davis 2009a, Currie 2010, Babey 2011) and, in some cases, living in areas with many fast food outlets has been associated with higher body mass index (Fleischhaker 2010) and greater fast food consumption, especially among low income individuals and adolescent males (Boone-Heinonen 2011, Forsyth 2012). However, in other studies, fast food outlet density has not been associated with overweight and obesity (Viola 2013) and availability is not associated with consumption frequency or body mass index (Richardson 2011, Hickson 2011). Additional evidence is needed to confirm effects. Implementation United States
Some cities have passed zoning regulations to change the food environment. For example, Detroit requires a minimum distance of 500 feet between fast food outlets and schools (Detroit-Zoning), and in 2008, Los Angeles passed a one year moratorium on opening or expanding fast food establishments in South Los Angeles (LA-Ordinance).
Other smaller municipalities in California have additional zoning regulations, including prohibiting fast food restaurants to preserve the character of a downtown district as in Calistoga, Truckee, and Cotati; limiting the number of chain restaurants to no more than 9 at one time as in Arcata; and passing ordinances prohibiting new fast food outlets as in Seaside and Carmel (HEAL-Zoning).
Implementation Resources
Now that they have screwed over resturaunt owners freedom of choice concerning location..here are the results
http://www.calrest.org/research-review.html
OBESITY NOT LINKED TO RESTAURANT ACCESS
Research shows that there is not a direct link between obesity and dining at quickservice restaurants. In fact, the causes of obesity are complex, and direct zoning restrictions on restaurants are the wrong approach to fighting this health problem.
‘ZONING FOR HEALTH? THE YEAR-OLD BAN ON FAST-FOOD RESTAURANTS IN SOUTH LA’
BY ROLAND STURM AND DEBORAH A. COHEN, A STUDY BY THE RAND CORP. PUBLISHED IN HEALTH AFFAIRS, 2009?
This report examined the 2008 regulation banning new fast-food establishments in Los Angeles and found that the ordinance did not have the desired effect on health and obesity. Researchers found that the density of fast-food chain restaurants per capita is actually lower in South Los Angeles, the area targeted for the ban, compared to other parts of the region. They also found that South L.A. residents consumed significantly more calories from candy and cookies than residents in higher-income tracts, and they watch more television. Researchers concluded that other changes such as menu calorie labeling are likely to have a bigger impact on weight and obesity.
‘ARE MEALS AT FULL-SERVICE AND FAST-FOOD RESTAURANTS NORMAL OR INFERIOR?’
BY J. PAUL LEIGH AND DAEHWAN KIM, UC DAVIS CENTER FOR HEALTHCARE POLICY AND RESEARCH. PUBLISHED IN POPULATION HEALTH MANAGEMENT, 2011
Researchers found that the causes of obesity are complex, and while there is a correlation between income and obesity, in fact people with lower incomes are not spending as much on fast-food as middle income people. Fast-food visits peak at $60,000 in income and then fall slightly. Additionally, the report showed other patterns including: men and people who worked longer hours were more likely to eat out; people with more education were more likely to go to full service restaurants; and smokers were more likely to eat fast-food. “There is a correlation between obesity and lower income, but it cannot be solely attributed to restaurant choice,” said Leigh, professor of public health sciences at UC Davis and senior author of the study. “Fast-food dining is most popular among the middle class, who are less likely to be obese.”
‘COMPETITIVE FOOD SALES IN SCHOOLS AND CHILDHOOD OBESITY:A LONGITUDINAL STUDY’
?BY JENNIFER VAN HOOK AND CLAIRE E. ALTMAN, PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY. PUBLISHED IN SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION, 2011?
Researchers examined children’s weight in middle schools where junk food was sold and in schools where it was banned and found no correlation between obesity and attending a school where sweets and salty snacks were available. Also, the study found that the relationship between unhealthy snack foods, known as “competitive foods”, and weight gain did not vary by gender, race/ethnicity, or family socioeconomic status. The report suggests that there are so many opportunities to eat unhealthy foods at home and in communities that competitive foods in schools have little influence on weight.
‘ARE RESTAURANTS REALLY SUPERSIZING AMERICA?
?’BY MICHAEL L. ANDERSON, UC BERKELEY, AND DAVID A. MATSA, NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY – WORKING PAPER. PUBLISHED IN AMERICAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL: APPLIED ECONOMICS, 2011?
This report examined whether people who live near, and eat at, restaurants have a greater risk of being fat than people who don’t, and found there is no correlation. Data showed that although consumers eat larger meals at restaurants than at home, they offset those calories by eating less at other times of the day. The researchers conclude that health policies targeted at regulating restaurants would not reduce obesity but would hurt consumer welfare.
‘A NATIONAL STUDY OF THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN NEIGHBOURHOOD ACCESS TO FAST-FOOD OUTLETS AND THE DIET AND WEIGHT OF LOCAL RESIDENTS’
?BY JAMIE PEARCE, ROSEMARY HISCOCK, TONY BLAKELY, KAREN WITTEN. PUBLISHED IN HEALTH & PLACE, 2008?
This study examined neighborhood access to fast-food outlets and whether it is associated with individual health outcomes in New Zealand communities. The research found little evidence that neighborhood access to fast-food was actually associated with a poorer diet or being overweight. There was some evidence that poorer access to multinational fast-food restaurants was associated with higher consumption of vegetables, but not with daily fruit intake. Survey respondents with less access to fast-food in fact had higher odds of being overweight.
‘ARE FAST-FOOD RESTAURANTS AN ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTOR FOR OBESITY?’
BY ROBERT W. JEFFERY, JUDY BAXTER, MAUREEN MCGUIRE AND JENNIFER LINDE. PUBLISHED IN THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, 2006
This study examined if living near or working at a fast-food restaurant is associated with body weight. While researchers found that body mass index is associated with a high fat diet, having children and eating fast-food, they also found that the proximity of fast-food outlets to one’s home or work did not impact how often or whether residents actually ate at them. The report suggested that fast-food restaurants may not be a strong unique cause of obesity.
‘CHOICE AND AVAILABILITY OF TAKEAWAY AND RESTAURANT FOOD IS NOT RELATED TO THE PREVALENCE OF ADULT OBESITY ON RURAL COMMUNITIES IN AUSTRALIA’
?BY D. SIMMONS, A. MCKENZIE, S. EATON, N. COX, M. A. KHAN, J. SHAW AND P. ZIMMET. PUBLISHED IN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY, 2005?
This study concluded that the obesity epidemic relates strongly to reduced physical activity, but not to consumption of takeaway food. It examined recreational activity, waist circumference, and consumption of food from takeaway outlets. Increased recreational activity was associated with less risk of obesity. Body mass index (BMI) was unrelated to takeaway consumption. Waist circumference was similar for those who ate takeaway food more than once per month compared to more than once per week. Overall the obesity epidemic still exists among those who are without significant consumption of or availability of takeaway food.
Control control control. They can never have enough control over your life and your choices. So here again the regimes moronic food police inhibit freedom of choice with laws that do not work. So why didn't they do the study first? That's not the government control freak way of doing things.
The Decision-Makers: [Community Development Professionals] [Local Government] [State Government] Community Development Professionals Local Government State Government. <-- The usual control freak whack jobs that complicate our lives through the legislation of their unfounded whims.
http://whatworksforhealth.wisc.edu/prog ... 114&id=533
Zoning regulations forbid the construction of fast food establishments by location to curb obesity
Zoning regulations: fast food
Health Factors: [Diet & Exercise] Diet & Exercise
Decision Makers: [Community Development Professionals] [Local Government] [State Government] Community Development Professionals Local Government State Government
Evidence Rating: Expert Opinion
Population Reach: [50-99% of WI's population] 50-99% of WI's population
Impact on Disparities: No impact on disparities likely
Is this program or policy in use in your community? Tell us about it.
Zoning regulations can be used to limit or ban fast food outlets in certain areas of a city, restrict the number of fast food outlets in a city overall, restrict the density of fast food outlets in a given area, or regulate the distance between fast food outlets and other sites such as schools or hospitals. Frequent consumption of food from fast food chain restaurants may contribute to cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity (Jaworowska 2013).
Expected Beneficial Outcomes
Improved food environment
Improved dietary choices
Evidence of Effectiveness
Zoning regulations that limit fast food outlets are a suggested strategy to improve the food environment and encourage healthy eating (CDC-Healthy places zoning, Mair 2005). Available evidence suggests that proximity to schools is associated with increased fast food purchases and obesity rates among adolescents (Alviola 2014, Davis 2009a, Currie 2010, Babey 2011) and, in some cases, living in areas with many fast food outlets has been associated with higher body mass index (Fleischhaker 2010) and greater fast food consumption, especially among low income individuals and adolescent males (Boone-Heinonen 2011, Forsyth 2012). However, in other studies, fast food outlet density has not been associated with overweight and obesity (Viola 2013) and availability is not associated with consumption frequency or body mass index (Richardson 2011, Hickson 2011). Additional evidence is needed to confirm effects. Implementation United States
Some cities have passed zoning regulations to change the food environment. For example, Detroit requires a minimum distance of 500 feet between fast food outlets and schools (Detroit-Zoning), and in 2008, Los Angeles passed a one year moratorium on opening or expanding fast food establishments in South Los Angeles (LA-Ordinance).
Other smaller municipalities in California have additional zoning regulations, including prohibiting fast food restaurants to preserve the character of a downtown district as in Calistoga, Truckee, and Cotati; limiting the number of chain restaurants to no more than 9 at one time as in Arcata; and passing ordinances prohibiting new fast food outlets as in Seaside and Carmel (HEAL-Zoning).
Implementation Resources
Now that they have screwed over resturaunt owners freedom of choice concerning location..here are the results
http://www.calrest.org/research-review.html
OBESITY NOT LINKED TO RESTAURANT ACCESS
Research shows that there is not a direct link between obesity and dining at quickservice restaurants. In fact, the causes of obesity are complex, and direct zoning restrictions on restaurants are the wrong approach to fighting this health problem.
‘ZONING FOR HEALTH? THE YEAR-OLD BAN ON FAST-FOOD RESTAURANTS IN SOUTH LA’
BY ROLAND STURM AND DEBORAH A. COHEN, A STUDY BY THE RAND CORP. PUBLISHED IN HEALTH AFFAIRS, 2009?
This report examined the 2008 regulation banning new fast-food establishments in Los Angeles and found that the ordinance did not have the desired effect on health and obesity. Researchers found that the density of fast-food chain restaurants per capita is actually lower in South Los Angeles, the area targeted for the ban, compared to other parts of the region. They also found that South L.A. residents consumed significantly more calories from candy and cookies than residents in higher-income tracts, and they watch more television. Researchers concluded that other changes such as menu calorie labeling are likely to have a bigger impact on weight and obesity.
‘ARE MEALS AT FULL-SERVICE AND FAST-FOOD RESTAURANTS NORMAL OR INFERIOR?’
BY J. PAUL LEIGH AND DAEHWAN KIM, UC DAVIS CENTER FOR HEALTHCARE POLICY AND RESEARCH. PUBLISHED IN POPULATION HEALTH MANAGEMENT, 2011
Researchers found that the causes of obesity are complex, and while there is a correlation between income and obesity, in fact people with lower incomes are not spending as much on fast-food as middle income people. Fast-food visits peak at $60,000 in income and then fall slightly. Additionally, the report showed other patterns including: men and people who worked longer hours were more likely to eat out; people with more education were more likely to go to full service restaurants; and smokers were more likely to eat fast-food. “There is a correlation between obesity and lower income, but it cannot be solely attributed to restaurant choice,” said Leigh, professor of public health sciences at UC Davis and senior author of the study. “Fast-food dining is most popular among the middle class, who are less likely to be obese.”
‘COMPETITIVE FOOD SALES IN SCHOOLS AND CHILDHOOD OBESITY:A LONGITUDINAL STUDY’
?BY JENNIFER VAN HOOK AND CLAIRE E. ALTMAN, PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY. PUBLISHED IN SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION, 2011?
Researchers examined children’s weight in middle schools where junk food was sold and in schools where it was banned and found no correlation between obesity and attending a school where sweets and salty snacks were available. Also, the study found that the relationship between unhealthy snack foods, known as “competitive foods”, and weight gain did not vary by gender, race/ethnicity, or family socioeconomic status. The report suggests that there are so many opportunities to eat unhealthy foods at home and in communities that competitive foods in schools have little influence on weight.
‘ARE RESTAURANTS REALLY SUPERSIZING AMERICA?
?’BY MICHAEL L. ANDERSON, UC BERKELEY, AND DAVID A. MATSA, NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY – WORKING PAPER. PUBLISHED IN AMERICAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL: APPLIED ECONOMICS, 2011?
This report examined whether people who live near, and eat at, restaurants have a greater risk of being fat than people who don’t, and found there is no correlation. Data showed that although consumers eat larger meals at restaurants than at home, they offset those calories by eating less at other times of the day. The researchers conclude that health policies targeted at regulating restaurants would not reduce obesity but would hurt consumer welfare.
‘A NATIONAL STUDY OF THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN NEIGHBOURHOOD ACCESS TO FAST-FOOD OUTLETS AND THE DIET AND WEIGHT OF LOCAL RESIDENTS’
?BY JAMIE PEARCE, ROSEMARY HISCOCK, TONY BLAKELY, KAREN WITTEN. PUBLISHED IN HEALTH & PLACE, 2008?
This study examined neighborhood access to fast-food outlets and whether it is associated with individual health outcomes in New Zealand communities. The research found little evidence that neighborhood access to fast-food was actually associated with a poorer diet or being overweight. There was some evidence that poorer access to multinational fast-food restaurants was associated with higher consumption of vegetables, but not with daily fruit intake. Survey respondents with less access to fast-food in fact had higher odds of being overweight.
‘ARE FAST-FOOD RESTAURANTS AN ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTOR FOR OBESITY?’
BY ROBERT W. JEFFERY, JUDY BAXTER, MAUREEN MCGUIRE AND JENNIFER LINDE. PUBLISHED IN THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, 2006
This study examined if living near or working at a fast-food restaurant is associated with body weight. While researchers found that body mass index is associated with a high fat diet, having children and eating fast-food, they also found that the proximity of fast-food outlets to one’s home or work did not impact how often or whether residents actually ate at them. The report suggested that fast-food restaurants may not be a strong unique cause of obesity.
‘CHOICE AND AVAILABILITY OF TAKEAWAY AND RESTAURANT FOOD IS NOT RELATED TO THE PREVALENCE OF ADULT OBESITY ON RURAL COMMUNITIES IN AUSTRALIA’
?BY D. SIMMONS, A. MCKENZIE, S. EATON, N. COX, M. A. KHAN, J. SHAW AND P. ZIMMET. PUBLISHED IN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY, 2005?
This study concluded that the obesity epidemic relates strongly to reduced physical activity, but not to consumption of takeaway food. It examined recreational activity, waist circumference, and consumption of food from takeaway outlets. Increased recreational activity was associated with less risk of obesity. Body mass index (BMI) was unrelated to takeaway consumption. Waist circumference was similar for those who ate takeaway food more than once per month compared to more than once per week. Overall the obesity epidemic still exists among those who are without significant consumption of or availability of takeaway food.
Control control control. They can never have enough control over your life and your choices. So here again the regimes moronic food police inhibit freedom of choice with laws that do not work. So why didn't they do the study first? That's not the government control freak way of doing things.
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Google You tube Slacker G Guitar skills (1&2)
The same spirit that ruled over Hitler is headed our way.
Let those with ears to hear understand.
Google You tube Slacker G Guitar skills (1&2)
The same spirit that ruled over Hitler is headed our way.
Let those with ears to hear understand.
